The exact mechanism of action of laser trabeculoplasty is still not well understood. However, SLT has shown to be effective in treating open-angle glaucoma.
SLT targets selective pigment cells within the trabecular meshwork with a pulsating laser beam, usually Nd-YAG type. After which, the trabecular meshwork’s structural integrity undergoes remodelling.
It achieves its results by selectively absorbing the energy of the trabecular pigmented cells while sparing adjacent cells and tissues from thermal damage. SLT has been shown to cause less damage to the cells and has been found to enhance the outflow of the aqueous humour by biological and chemical modifications. It also has membrane repairing properties.
After the procedure, the aqueous humour can drain through this newly opened route, decreasing the intraocular pressure.